Complementary Therapies

Complementary therapies are used alongside standard breast cancer treatments to help manage side effects and improve well-being. These therapies do not treat the cancer itself, but they may help you feel better physically or emotionally.

Important Considerations

While some therapies are backed by research and widely used in cancer care, others may have risks or could interfere with treatment. Always discuss any complementary therapies with your healthcare team before use.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the skin to stimulate nerve impulses. Research suggests it may help relieve fatigue, hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, and pain. However, if you have lymphedema or have undergone lymph node surgery, needles should not be inserted into the affected arm.

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• Using Acupuncture For Treating Cancer Treatment Side Effects

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy uses essential oils derived from plants to promote relaxation and improve mood. These oils can be inhaled, applied during massage, or added to baths. While some people find aromatherapy helpful, it’s important to use essential oils safely and consult a qualified practitioner, especially if you have sensitivities or underlying health conditions.

Art therapy

Art therapy provides a creative outlet for expressing emotions related to breast cancer, particularly those difficult to verbalize. Engaging in activities like painting, drawing, or sculpture under the guidance of a trained art therapist can help reduce stress, anxiety, and fatigue while enhancing coping skills. No artistic experience is necessary.

To find a qualified art therapist, check with your cancer centre or visit the Canadian Art Therapy Association.

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Dietary supplements

There is no scientific evidence that dietary supplements can treat or cure cancer. Some supplements may interfere with prescription medications and cancer treatments, potentially reducing their effectiveness or causing harmful side effects. While certain supplements may help manage side effects, they should be used with caution. Always consult your healthcare provider before taking any supplements.

Exercise

Exercise can improve energy levels, cardiovascular health, muscular strength, and overall well-being. It may also help manage treatment-related side effects such as fatigue, pain, depression, and stress.

Types of exercise include:

• Aerobic activities (walking, jogging, swimming) to support heart and lung health
• Resistance training (weightlifting) to build muscle strength
• Yoga and Tai Chi for balance, flexibility, and relaxation

Regardless of your prior fitness level, physical activity can be beneficial during and after treatment. Consult your healthcare provider before starting a new exercise routine.

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Hypnotherapy

Hypnotherapy uses guided relaxation and visualization to influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It may help manage breast cancer treatment side effects such as pain, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, hot flashes, anxiety, and depression.

To find a certified hypnotherapist, contact the Association of Registered Clinical Hypnotherapists (ARCH) or the Canadian Hypnosis Association.

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Massage therapy

Massage therapy may help ease anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain. However, it may not be suitable during chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or post-surgery recovery. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting massage therapy and seek a registered massage therapist experienced in working with people affected by breast cancer.

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Medical cannabis

Medical cannabis (also called medical marijuana) is sometimes used to manage pain, nausea, loss of appetite, hot flashes, anxiety, or trouble sleeping, especially if other treatments don’t help or cause more side effects.

It comes in different forms, such as oils, capsules, dried flowers, sprays, or foods. While research is still ongoing, some people say cannabis helps them feel better.

Before trying medical cannabis:

• Talk to your doctor or healthcare team. They can help you decide if it’s safe and right for you, and make sure it won’t interfere with your cancer treatments.
• Know the rules in your area. Laws about medical cannabis are different in each province and territory.

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• The Use of Cannabis in Cancer Care
• Cannabis For Cancer Side Effects
• Medical Marijuana Gives a Metastatic Patient Relief From Pain, Hot Flashes, and Sleeplessness

Meditation

Meditation may help reduce stress, and improve mood, sleep, or energy. Many guided meditation resources are available online, or you can work with a trained instructor to learn meditation techniques.

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Mindfulness

Mindfulness involves focusing on the present moment to help manage stress, anxiety, and depression. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programs have been shown to support emotional well-being during and after cancer treatment.

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• The Who, What, Why of Mindfulness Exercises for Women with Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC)

Music therapy

Music therapy is used in breast cancer care to support emotional, psychological, and spiritual well-being while improving quality of life and perception of pain. Music therapists may offer therapeutic songwriting, guided imagery with music, voice work, singing, playing instruments, creating playlists, or improvisation.

To find a certified music therapist, visit the Canadian Association for Music Therapy.

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Naturopathic therapy

Naturopathy is a holistic approach that uses natural, non-toxic therapies to promote self-healing. Common naturopathic treatments include nutrition, supplementation, botanical medicine, acupuncture, exercise, and lifestyle counseling. However, "natural" does not always mean safe. If working with both a naturopathic practitioner and a medical doctor, ensure they are aware of your cancer treatments to prevent harmful interactions.

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• Questions and Experts Session Guide: A Naturopathic Doctor Answers Questions About Complementary Therapies

Qigong

Qigong is a mind-body practice that combines movement, breathing, and meditation to promote well-being. Research suggests that qigong may reduce stress, improve quality of life, and provide physiological benefits for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.

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• Tai Chi vs Qigong: What’s The Difference?

Reflexology

Reflexology involves applying pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, or ears, which are believed to correspond to other areas of the body. Some individuals find reflexology beneficial for relaxation and stress relief, though more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Reiki

Reiki is an energy-based therapy where practitioners use gentle hand placements to promote relaxation and healing. While scientific evidence is limited, some individuals report feeling reduced stress and emotional relief from Reiki sessions.

Writing therapy

Journaling may help individuals process emotions, track progress, and gain perspective during their breast cancer journey. Writing about personal thoughts, experiences, and hopes can provide emotional relief and contribute to overall well-being.

Yoga

Yoga may improve physical functioning, reduce fatigue, relieve stress, enhance sleep, and improve quality of life for breast cancer patients. It is important to work with an instructor qualified to support individuals undergoing cancer treatment. Always consult your doctor before beginning a new exercise regimen.

Additional resources

• The Centre for Health Innovation
• Inspire Health

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