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The Voice of People With Breast Cancer

helping you understand your surgical options

SurgeryGuide

Autologous Reconstruction

This type of reconstruction uses your tissue which results in softer, more natural feeling breast than if implants were used. Because the reconstructed breast(s) is made up of living tissue and no additional material is used in the reconstruction, future surgeries to maintain the breast(s) aren’t necessary. You may require additional surgeries to adjust the size or shape of the reconstructed breasts, if you desire. It’s important to note that because living tissue from another part of your body is used you will have an additional scar at the donor site, a lot of the sites are in areas that are often covered up by clothing.

Types of Autologous Reconstruction

  • DIEP Flap (Deep Inferior Perforator Flap)

    I had DIEP reconstruction, that did not involve moving any of my abdominal muscles but did include a tummy tuck and the manufacture of a new tummy button. I also had to have a follow up surgery to reduce the size of my "normal" breast and give it a "perk me up", which I believe is all done in one surgery now. For me it meant another trip to Winnipeg. After all was healed, I had another trip to make a nipple and then another one to tattoo color around it. My challenges were mostly the trips in and out and the mental issues, ie: once you start on the journey you need to complete it and sometimes you wonder why you started.

    I am generally pleased with the result. It is not identical to my normal breast but then I am the one who knows this. In my bra/swim suit or clothes no one else could tell. I do like being rid of the prostheses. 

    I had no complications at all and was treated with respect by all the health care providers.”
    ~Sheila~

    • Excess fat and skin from below the belly button is moved to the breast
    • Doesn’t use any muscle, only fat, to rebuild the breast
    • Can require muscle cutting to identify blood vessel supplying the tissue, and move those to the chest
    • Core strength is preserved
    • Quicker recovery time because there is no muscle moved
    • Surgeons must have expertise in microsurgery
    • Not usually an option for women without extra belly fat
    • Not usually an option if you’ve previously had certain abdominal surgeries
    • Not a good surgery if you are very thin or very overweight, the surgeons typically see more complications with very thin or very overweight women
    • Most frequently performed autologous reconstruction because the belly is the best donor site

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

  • SGAP (Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator)
    • Skin and fat tissue from upper hip region is transplanted to chest
    • Doesn’t use any muscle, so the muscle of the upper hip is protected and preserved
    • Doesn’t take fat from lower buttock or upper thigh, which prevents long-term discomfort while sitting and eliminates the risk of tissue breakdown
    • Surgeons must have expertise in microsurgery
    • Incision is small
    • Scar is left at the top of your buttocks and is usually covered by underwear or a swimsuit
    • Good option if using tissue from the abdomen isn’t an option

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

  • IGAP (Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator)

    I was young and felt reconstruction was right for me. I would change my choice now, I had an IGAP flap and I think the recovery would have been easier with an implant. Recovery would have been easier, knowing what I know now. Having one surgical site to recover from would have been faster and easier on my body. With the surgery site being an IGAP flap, it meant not being able to sit for almost 4 weeks. It made day-to-day tasks complicated, things, like sitting on the toilet or sitting at the dinner table, were impossible.

    There were a few appointments after surgery that were required, as I was to have chemotherapy. Getting in a car was a challenge. As well, getting up and onto the scanning machines was also hard. Most technicians had not seen the surgery I had and it was imperative my husband help me onto the tables. I would not trust anyone else at that time.

    As well, I had a 10 and 12-year-old at home. I laid in bed for 4 weeks and had limited mobility. They were used to seeing me up and at the gym. I could not do much around the house and that made it more apparent that I was sick. It certainly took a toll on my family. I feel going straight to an implant would have been a speedier recovery, with less scarring on my body.”
    ~Tara~

    • Skin and fat tissue from the lower hip region is removed from the lower buttock
    • Less ideal than SGAP because this area is where you bear weight when sitting which can make it uncomfortable to sit, especially during recovery
    • Doesn’t use the muscle
    • Scar is left in the butt crease which generally isn’t seen
    • May leave your buttocks smaller and tighter but some of the natural shape may be lost
    • Not performed as frequently because of more complications with the donor site

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

  • TRAM flap (transverse rectus abdominis)
    • Uses muscle, fat and skin tissue from your lower abdomen
    • Because this uses muscle the recovery time is longer and there may be a loss of core strength
    • Less muscle is usually used in the free TRAM flap procedure than the pedicle TRAM flap procedure
    • Not a good choice if you don’t have extra belly tissue or if you’ve already had many abdominal surgeries

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

    I had a TRAM reconstruction after right sided mastectomy. I developed seromas in my abdominal site that had to be drained every month for six months. After three months they tried putting in a new drain but it got infected almost right away and I was on antibiotics for two weeks. Then three months later they admitted me to hospital and opened up the abdominal donor site and apparently the abdomen was "a mess" as the mesh that the doctor used to strengthen my abdominal wall had not integrated into the surrounding tissue and actually broke down into fragments that all had to be removed during a long surgery.

    Once that issue was cleared up and my abdomen healed all was well. My left breast, which was lifted and reduced, healed very well and looks fantastic. The reconstructed breast also healed well and both breasts match and look like the "real" thing. I did have a nipple constructed using the origami technique. This lost its profile after a year. I then got the plastic surgeon to inject it with restylane. This lasted a couple of years but then it also flattened out and I was at the point after a few years where I didn't really want to have anymore interventions and ceased to care about having "one headlight" as my husband says. I found a nipple cover at a lingerie store which does the trick when I have on thin tops.

    I would say that beside the side effects of the mesh in my abdomen, the other most disconcerting issue was loss of sensation in my entire trunk. It's very difficult emotionally waking up to the reality of having your entire torso, which used to be sensitive to the touch, to be completely numb. I only had sensation in one breast and then my right breast and entire torso down to my pubic area felt dead to me. That sounds harsh but it took me quite awhile to not be saddened by that loss of sensation. It definitely has an impact on your sex life. When you run your own hand over your tummy and not really have a sense of where your hand is if you're not looking...that was hard. It has taken years to regain sensation in that area despite being told it might only be five years. It's now 12 years since my surgery and I can feel most of my torso except for a 4" circumference around my umbilicus. And of course no sensation in my reconstructed breast, which some women have said they regained. Not me.

    I was very happy to wake up from surgery with two breasts that matched, were reduced and lifted after losing some of that youthfulness, and I had a tight and flat tummy. Despite not being over-weight, I still had a post baby tummy so it was very cool to wear tight jeans and tight tees again after all these years. If I could promise a woman that she wouldn't have the issues with seromas that I had, I would highly recommend immediate reconstruction after a mastectomy. I actually felt quite sexy despite losing the sensation in that one breast, just in terms of my outside appearance. I also loved having my own tissue in my new breast...it really feels just like a "real" breast with breast tissue. It moves like the other one and if I lose weight so does my chest, and if I gain weight so do my breasts. They look very natural.

    I think it's really important, especially if you love the touch of your hand or your lovers touch to know that there is an entire erogenous zone from your neck to your pubic area that is numb for many years to come. I think there are more advanced surgeries for woman who need a mastectomy and want reconstruction that don't result in the cutting of so many nerves in your abdomen. I would seek out those practitioners who are doing that kind of surgery. I loved using my own tissue as opposed to having a foreign body inside me, but I think the loss of sensation to your torso is a big price to pay for many years.”
    ~Colleen~

  • Latissimus Dorsi Flap
    • Uses the latissimus dorsi muscle located in your upper back
    • Muscle and fat from this area are used
    • Flap is moved under your skin so it continues to be attached to the original blood supply in your back
    • Significant amount of muscle is used
    • May be a good choice for women who aren’t good candidates for DIEP, SIEA or TRAM flaps
    • Option for small or medium sized breast reconstruction
    • Muscle loss in the back may make it harder to lift things and twist
    • Often times an implant is also needed with this type of flap
    • Because the muscle is harder and tighter the reconstructed breast might feel harder and tighter

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

  • PAP Free Flap (Profunda Artery Perforator Flap)
    • Uses skin and fat from the upper inner and back of the thigh
    • No muscle is taken from the donor site
    • May be an option for women who aren’t good candidates for DIEP or other abdomen-based flaps
    • Surgeons must have expertise in microsurgery
    • Option for smaller or medium sized breast reconstruction

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

  • LAP Free Flap (Lumbar Artery Perforator Flap)
    • Uses skin and fat from the lower back and upper buttock (the “love handles”)
    • No muscle is taken from the donor site
    • Shaping of this flap is easier compared to any other flaps due to the quality of the fat in this area
    • May be an option for women who aren’t good candidates for DIEP or other abdomen-based flaps
    • Surgeons must have expertise in microsurgery

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.

  • SIEA Flap (Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery)
    • Uses fat from the lower abdomen
    • Different from DIEP flap because a different section of blood vessels are moved with the flap
    • The DIEP flap requires a small incision in the layer of tissue that covers the abdominal muscles, whereas the SIEA flap doesn’t require this
    • The strongest blood flow, either to the SIEA flap vessels or the DIEP flap vessels will usually determine which type of these surgeries is best for you
    • Doesn’t use any muscle
    • No loss of core strength

    Click here to see before and after photos of real women.